Provide a set of guiding questions for creating and carrying out a successful investigation that prompt students to think through their design choices. Have students record these questions in their science notebooks. Use either SI units or non-metric units of measurement as appropriate for the investigation. Possible questions could include:
- Is this phenomenon something you could observe occurring naturally or should you do something in the classroom to explore it (i.e., a controlled experiment)?
- What evidence would you need to answer your question?
- What equipment do you need to do this?
- How will you know if you have been successful?
- For observational investigations:
- What would you need to observe to answer your question?
- For a controlled experiment:
- Which variables will be treated as the outcomes of the investigation?
- How can you measure what you think is important?
- Which conditions would you vary to see if they have any effect on the outcome variable?
- What are all the other variables or conditions that should be held constant during the investigation?
Resource Information
- MDP:
Learning Orientation
- Resource Type: NGSS Connection
- External Resources:
Learning Orientation Principles
The strategy above is aligned to the principles in bold.
Emphasize student reasoning, sensemaking, and developing a deep understanding as the goal of activities, rather than producing the right answer or complying with instructions
- Use assignments that are meaningful, challenging, and require students to take personal responsibility to engage at a deeper conceptual level with the material; provide students with ample time to do this work
- Press students for evidence and reasoning to demonstrate the importance of making sense of phenomena and/or solving design problems, rather than simply producing the correct answer
- Provide multiple ways to complete assignments and/or allow for flexibility in approaches to solving problems
- De-emphasize the negative consequence of mistakes by framing mistakes as part of the learning process that helps students improve their skills
Use evaluation and feedback practices that focus on deeper content understanding/reasoning and students' effort and strategy use over normative comparisons and ability/intelligence
- Design assessments to evaluate students’ three-dimensional learning with a focus on reasoning, making sense of phenomena and/or solving design problems, and deep conceptual knowledge rather than superficial knowledge
- Use rubrics and descriptive criteria for assessments rather than policies such as grading on a curve to focus the assessment on students’ understanding rather than on their relative standing among peers
- Provide positive and constructive feedback to students that emphasizes that success and failure are related to one’s effort and strategy use, which can be changed
- Provide opportunities for students to revise work or submit multiple drafts
De-emphasize social comparison and competition
- Communicate that all students have valuable contributions by calling on a variety of students in a supportive way during class discussions or activities
- Encourage students to focus on their own effort, growth, and learning as opposed to comparing themselves to their peers
- Avoid tasks that encourage competition among students (to solve a problem first, to earn the highest grades, etc.) and practices like posting student grades publicly
- Design group work that requires multiple perspectives/roles to promote peer collaboration focused on learning rather than performing
Model the commitment to learning and growth that you want your students to exhibit
- Approach course content, lesson activities, and your own learning with a positive attitude and a willingness to take risks (i.e., doing something outside of your comfort zone)
- Identify and model the use of effective learning strategies when encountering challenging tasks or making mistakes
